Is the result of a rapid increase in pressure which occurs in a closed piping system when the liquid velocity is suddenly changed by sudden starting, stopping or change in speed of a pump; or sudden opening or closing of a valve which may change the liquid velocity in the system.
This increase, or dynamic change in pressure, is the result of the kinetic energy of the moving mass of liquid being transformed into energy, resulting in an excessive pressure rise which can cause damage on either the suction or discharge side of the pump.
Water hammer may be controlled by, the regulating valve closure time, surge chambers (accumulators/pulsation dampeners), relief valves or other means.
In fluid flow, water hammer can cause rupture and serious damage to the entire piping system.
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